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Blog: Energy, Climate & Aging

Examining how energy affordability, climate change, and aging intersect in rural Nova Scotia

Written by Student Research Assistant Johnie Han – Economics & Wellbeing Stream

From the Researcher

The Homeward Bound website is getting a new blog section! As our project grows, we want to keep the conversation going and to maintain a flow of information between us, our research partners, and most importantly, the communities we work with. What’s a better way to do that than through a blog? 

Similar thinking went into our own academic meetups and community gatherings. Participants of these events; community members, researchers, and policymakers, just to name a few, show up with very different backgrounds and experiences. This is by design and is one of the most powerful features of these discussions, as it creates an inclusive environment where all voices are heard and all perspectives are seen. But it also means we need a way to bring everyone to the same page before an effective and productive conversation can begin. One of the most efficient, engaging, and well-tested tools for that job is the infographic brochure.  

Our research focuses on aging, which touches on a surprisingly broad range of fields, from healthcare to transportation and from climate to statistics. That’s why Homeward Bound is organized into streams of researchers specializing in different disciplines. For our first infographic, we wanted to focus on something that is not only closely connected to aging, but is also tangible, widely discussed, and requires urgent intervention. Energy and climate easily made the cut.” 

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Energy & Climate Brochure

COLD SNAP

Cape Breton was home to the very first organized coal mine in North America. Today it sits one of the few Canadian Provinces still burning coal for electricity.

As our infographic shows, Cape Breton’s history is deeply intertwined with energy, specifically, with coal. The island is home to the very first organized coal mine in North America – Port Morienwhose coal production fed the Fortress of Louisbourg, and was established as early as 1720. However, the same legacy is also partly responsible for the area’s current lag behind its peers in clean energy transition. With a total of 8 fossil fuel-based generating stations across the province and three on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia is one of the only three Canadian provinces that still burn coal for electricity. With only 3% of the national population, Nova Scotia account for roughly 34% of coal-power emissions in Canada and relies on coal and coke for half of its in-province generation. 

The power bill of a typical NS household increased by ~32% nominally over the past decade.

A slow transition to renewable energy and limited generating capacity mean higher costs and expensive future investmentsdiverting capital from equally important work such as grid modernization and capacity expansion, contributing to ever-increasing energy bills. In 2015 a typical NS residential power bill of 1,000 kilowatt-hours was $160; by 2026 it would have climbed by 32% to $211. For older adults on fixed incomes, such an increase might force them to sacrifice something else: groceries, medication, home repairs, and so on. And paying the bills on time does not guarantee a stable supply: iJanuary 2026, Nova Scotia Power warned that it may have to resort to load shedding, or rotating power outages, as extremely cold temperatures created record electricity demands that pushed the grid to its limits. The shedding was narrowly avoided, but trust was already frayed: the cyberattack targeting Nova Scotia Power a year earlier saw the privately owned monopolistic utility knocked out if its ability to read its own meters, forcing it to issue estimated bills and send out meter readers, while grossly inaccurate power bills and stolen social insurance numbers sparked public outrage and prompted discussions on the province’s energy future, regulation, and accountability.

Heated Consequences

Older adults are especially vulnerable to the combination of climate change, inadequate cooling equipment, and old building structures.

Nova Scotia, and Cape Breton in particular, are also among the worst-hit regions by climate change due to its unique geography, including their immediate exposure to the Atlantic Ocean. Locals still talk somberly about Hurricane Fiona, the powerful cyclone that uprooted thousands of trees across the province and caused widespread power outages during September 2022. Even in quieter seasons, communities across the island have been seeing steady rising temperature during the coldest months of the year and sharp declines in the length of winter season. 

There have also been increases in the number of days with a humidex of 35 or higher. As the humidex is defined as a function of both temperature and humidity, a high value not only imposes thermal pressure on the human body but also impairs the body’s ability to cool itself through sweating. Combined with low adoption of air conditioning systems in residential buildings, older adults aging in place face a grim challenge: the body’s natural thermoregulatory capacity declines with age and medication, pre-existing conditions are made worse by abnormal heat, while mobility issues or social isolation means they might not even be aware of things going wrong until it’s serious. 

These are not the only impacts climate change and outdated infrastructure have on residents, especially older adults, who are often already grappling with poverty and health issues. Old, wood-structured houses are hard to retrofit with air conditioning or heat pumps. Poor insulation leaks expensive energy away, pushing consumption of electricity (or oil, which is the primary source of heating in many Cape Breton homes) higher.

Nova Scotia has among the highest rates of energy poverty in Canada.

It also doesn’t help that Nova Scotia has among the highest rates of energy poverty in Canada. We learned from our community sessions that some tenants effectively pay their rent twice every period; $600 in rent and another $600 in their power bill. “Energy costs are going to kill people, as a community member put it. Others respond from an angle of fear. For those who stay informed, watching the climate deteriorate puts a unique psychological stress that often has nowhere to go. “It’s terrifying, another community member said. 

Bight or Bright

Solving the energy problem requires multidisciplinary cooperation, which is already happening in industries and communities. For households in need of immediate relief, support is available.  

The job of the infographic is to inform, not to alarmSo its other major focus is current efforts and remedies from all fronts, starting with the energy transition itselfThe Sydney Bight offshore power cluster near Cape Breton is expected to bring an additional 500 megawatts of generating capacity and create 5,000 jobs during construction and throughout its supply chains. To meet federal net-zero targets, Nova Scotia Power has released plans to transition or phase out its coal-fired generating stations, including all three on Cape Breton Island on different timelines. We also dedicated significant space to highlight local responses, including Indigenous leadership. From training pipelines offered by Eskasoni Renewables to community solar adoption led by New Dawn Enterprises and their partners, the goal was to paint a bigger picture of energy work that’s being led through grassroots initiatives. 

Many of these efforts will take years to pay off. Prospective contractors of offshore projects are still in pre-qualification; community solar remains a small slice of electricity generation. Meanwhile, many households need immediate economic relief to stay afloat. That’s why we listed some of the popular and most beneficial support programs available to households. From the provincial Heating Assistance Rebate Program (HARP) that offer direct offsets to heating bills to the federal Oil to Heat Pump (OHPA) program that help cover costs for a new heat pump, eligible households can get substantial support to weather the energy pressure. The benefitfrom some of these programs are long-lasting: efficiency upgrades such as swapping heat pumps for oil heating systems dramatically decrease energy consumption. As we highlighted in the infographic, the coefficient of performance (COP) – the ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to the energy consumed of a typical heat pump sits at 300% or even higher, against roughly 70% for oil systems, translating into thousands of dollars in annual savings for a household.

Cape Breton was an energy leader in the nineteenth century thanks to its natural resources, its strategic position, and its people. Its coal once fed a fortress and helped power a young country’s industry. The climate that shaped this island, however, is now changing faster than the grid built to withstand it. The island has never lacked energy; only energy its people can afford. “Cape Breton is a microcosm of the rest of the world”, a community member once said. The world may want to see what the microcosm does next. 

We are a research initiative aimed at supporting rural Nova Scotians to age in the way they decide is right for them. Guided by community-based participatory research and grounded in values of equity, diversity, and inclusion, our team is working with aging rural Nova Scotians to envision what they need to age in the right place. Together, we co-design and deliver community actions and care practices that support aging rural Nova Scotians’ wellbeing.

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  2. Canada Energy Regulator. (2025a). Provincial and territorial energy profiles – Nova Scotia. https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/en/data-analysis/energy-markets/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles/provincial-territorial-energy-profiles-nova-scotia.html
  3. Canada Energy Regulator. (2025b). Renewable energy in Canada – Nova Scotia. https://www.cer-rec.gc.ca/en/data-analysis/energy-commodities/electricity/report/renewable-energy-canada/provinces/renewable-power-canada-nova-scotia.html
  4. The Canadian Press. (2025, December 20). Nova Scotia heat-pump rebate ending next year ahead of other provinces. BNN Bloomberg. https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/business/politics/2025/12/20/nova-scotia-heat-pump-rebate-ending-next-year-ahead-of-other-provinces/
  5. Cape Breton Miners’ Museum. (n.d.). History of mining. https://www.minersmuseum.com/history-of-mining/
  6. CBC News. (2001, November 22). Cape Breton’s last underground coal mine closing. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cape-breton-s-last-underground-coal-mine-closing-1.296787
  7. CBC News. (2026, May). Nova Scotia plans for annual offshore wind call for bids. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/nova-scotia-plans-for-annual-offshore-wind-call-for-bids-9.7204822
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  10. Efficiency Nova Scotia. (n.d.). Rebates and programs. https://www.efficiencyns.ca/
  11. Eskasoni Renewables. (n.d.). Eskasoni Renewables. https://eskasonirenewables.ca/ 
  12. EverWindFuels. (n.d.).EverWind Fuels. https://everwindfuels.com/ 
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Citations and references unique to the blog 

  1. Wikipedia contributors. (2026, January 16). List of generating stations in Nova Scotia. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_generating_stations_in_Nova_Scotia
  2. Snoddon, R. (2023, September 24). How Fiona became a record-breaking Canadian storm. CBChttps://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/weather-snoddon-fiona-recap-1.6976249 
  3. Natural Resources Canada’s Office of Energy Efficiency. (2012). Heating with Oilhttps://natural-resources.canada.ca/sites/nrcan/files/energy/pdf/energystar/Heating-with-Oil_EN.pdf 

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